The long, heated conflict over freedom and grace in terms of divine and human causality accentuates grace and the specific concrete act or the divine motion involved and the human response to that motion (see free will and grace). Noteworthy too are the lengthy debates over justification, which often seem to equate grace and justification.
Correlative to this would be the controversies engendered by Calvinism, Baianism, and Jansenism concerning "corrupt" nature and "pure" nature (see pure nature, state of), and thus the concern with naturally, or ethically, good acts. Almost equally important has been the problematic of grace and nature, which at times would move in the direction of making grace simply an aid or completion or perfection of nature. Perhaps the broadest of these would be the antithesis of grace and sin, which has frequently tended to emphasize and even overemphasize the medicinal aspect of grace. As a result, a full grasp of the notion of grace must indicate these emphases. Generally these arise from the fact that historically there are certain problematics that have brought other aspects than gratuity to the fore. Yet, in addition to this common note, there are connotations. It is this fundamental emphasis on the total gratuity of grace that effectively relates the totality of its Catholic theological exposition to the affirmations of Christian revelation.
the phrase "grace of Grace," Macbeth 5.8.72). Onions, 817), or even, according to the Shakespearean usage, the very source of favor, God (cf. Murray, 5.1:326), or simply "the free and unmerited favour of God" ( The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, ed. Thus grace is "the free and unmerited favour of God as manifested in the salvation of sinners" ( A New English Dictionary, ed. It is notable that the English word has also absorbed the peculiarly Christian character given by St. The theological usage of the term "grace" directly corresponds with that of its Latin equivalent, gratia, from which it is derived.
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